Margin Note 2

Item 2 must include the amount of options-related or security futures product-related Letters of Credit obtained by a member of a registered clearing agency or a derivatives clearing organization which are collateralized by customers' securities, to the extent of the member's margin requirement at the registered clearing agency. Note-taking is a great way to help you review and remember what you have learned. But when we read ebooks, suddenly sticky notes and pencil notes in the margin are ancient relics. Sometimes you can make a few notes like highlighting, but as many finds, it’s hard to manage those notes or aggregate them into useful resources. You can set the margin to be about 10% of the total width on either side, and maybe 20% at the top and bottom. Although the bottom seems to be a bit larger than the top margin. On the note 2 that might give you enough space to write, but on the nova 2 it doesn’t really seem to be enough.

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Segment 3: Vaucouleurs

'Go, and let come what may.'1
- Robert de Baudricourt, as Joan of Arc left Vaucouleurs.
Margin Note 2

Anno Domini 1428
IN 1428 Joan said she finally heeded her visions, and around May 13th of that year('around the Ascension of Our Lord')2 she made her first journey to Vaucouleurs on the pretext of visiting herrelatives Durand and Jehanne Lassois (or Laxart) in the nearby village of Burey-le-Petit. During the week spent with them she convinced Durand Lassois to bringher before Robert de Baudricourt, the local commander at Vaucouleurs.

Margin Note 1:
She called him her uncle; he was married to a family relation.
As she would later say: 'I went to an unclemn1 of mine and told him Iwanted to stay with him for some time; I stayed there about eightdays. I told my uncle that I must go to the town of Vaucouleurs,and so my uncle took me. When I reached Vaucouleurs, I easily recognizedRobert de Baudricourt, although I had never seen him before; I knewhim through my Voice, which told me it was he. I told him thatI must come into France.'3

Beginning at somepoint after this time, she began calling herself 'la Pucelle', meaning'the maiden' or 'virginal young girl', explaining that she had promised her saintsto 'maintain my virginity for as long as it pleases God'.4Some historians have pointed out that the term also served a practical purpose: now that shewould be associating with soldiers, it was in her interest to distance herself from the primary variety of single women who accompanied armies: prostitutes, which the eyewitnesses said she particularlyloathed. The best way to do this was to bluntly declare herself a virgin. Now that her mission was beginningin earnest, she would adopt this label as her officialtitle, and it is by this term that she is most often referred to in the 15th century chroniclesand eyewitness accounts.

Margin Note 2
Margin Note 2:
This was one of the popular prophecies which popped up during France's time of crisis. See section farther down for additional information.
Durand Lassois later testified: 'I myself went to find Joan at herfather's house and brought her to my own house, and she said to me that shewanted to go to France, to the Dauphin, to have him crowned, saying:'Has it not been said that France would be ruined by a womanand later restored by a virgin?'mn2 And she also said that she wouldgo tell Robert de Baudricourt to have her brought to the place wheremy lord the Dauphin was. Robert told me several times to take her back to her father's house and give her a good slapping; and whenthe Maiden saw that Robert was not willing to have her taken to where the Dauphin was, she brought back my cloak and said she wouldlike to withdraw.'5

She returned to Domrémy. Two months later, in July of 1428, theAnglo-Burgundians launched a campaign against Vaucouleurs (the onlyfortified town in the region which was still loyal to the Armagnacfaction). Lord Antoine de Vergy, Burgundian governor of the County of Champagne,led an army of 796 men-at-arms plus auxiliaries through the Meuse valley, terrorizing the local villages along hisroute. Domrémy was no exception: as the church bells sounded thealarm, Joan of Arc and her family joined the other villagers in driving their herds to the safety of the walledcity of Neufchâteau several miles to the southeast, wherethe family stayed at an inn run by a widow named La Rousse for a few days.After the troops had gone through, the population returned to their village to view the aftermath: the inside of the Church of St. Rémywas damaged by fire, as were other structures; the fields were leftin devastation. Vaucouleurs was besieged, during the course of whichBaudricourt was forced to sign an agreement effectively taking himout of the war.

Margin Note 2 Pro

While these events were occurring the English were massing for a newcampaign which would set in motion the sequence which later earnedJoan the title 'Maid of Orléans'.
In June the Earl of Salisbury had landed in France with freshreinforcements: 450 men-at-arms, 2,250 archers, and a column of artillery. On October 12th the English besieged Orléans, which controlled acrucial bridge over the Loire River less than 65 miles north of Bourges. The Dukeof Bedford had initially objected to the campaign, since the city'shereditary lord was being held prisoner (and in fact that hereditarylord would file a complaint with the English council,6 reminding them thata captive lord's lands were entitled to neutrality). Bedford favoredan alternate plan of securing the Touraine region before movingagainst the heart of Armagnac territory; but Salisbury's plan won the day.

Stymied in his attempts to convince his English cousins to call off the siege, Duke Charles of Orléans occupied himself with his brooding poems. One of these, apparently written about thistime, deals with the war:

...Priant a Dieu, qu'avant qu'aye vieillesse
Le temps de paix partout puist avenir
Comme de Cueur j'en ay la desirance
Et que voye tous tes maulx brief finir
Trescrestian, franc royaume de France! 		...Praying to God, that before I reach old age
A time of peace may everywhere arrive
As I long for with all my Heart
And that I should see all of your ills soon end
Most-Christian, noble Kingdom of France!7

The ills of which the poem speaks were now descending upon the poet'scity.
Orléans was besieged by 4,000 English troops, supplemented by 150 Burgundian subjects whose services the Duke had generously lent his allies for a tidy sum. The Armagnac defenders included 2,400 Royal troops and 3,000 local levies protected by 30-foot walls and 71 cannons. The English also had a substantial number of artillery pieces, includingseveral large 'bombardes' (wide-barreled, stubby cannons designed forlobbing massive stone balls), some hurling projectiles weighing up to164 pounds.8

Salisbury's forces captured the outlying towers known as 'Les Tourelles' (located on the southern end of the bridge)on October 24th after a steady bombardment shattered portions of the structure and sappers tunneled underneath the earthwork fortification along the shoreline. After his troops occupiedthe fortifications, the Earl of Salisbury was on the second floor looking over the opposing positions when a veuglaire (a type of cannon with a long barrel and medium bore) suddenly fired from the city's Notre Dame Tower, sending a stone ball crashing through Salisbury's window. The projectile 'crushed half of his cheek and gouged out one of his eyes', according to one 15th century chronicler.9 Gangrene set in, and Lord Salisbury died at Meung-sur-Loire after eight days of agony. The Earl of Suffolk replaced him as commander, followed by the Earl of Shrewsbury (Lord Talbot) in December.10

Things were still worse for their opposite number, who foundthemselves unable to break the stranglehold on this crucial city. The Burgundian chronicler Enguerrand de Monstrelet notes that the Dauphin Charles and his counselors feared that the fall of Orléans would doom their entire cause.11
The Royal Court relocated from Bourges to Chinon. If the worst cameto pass, Charles was apparently planning to seek sanctuary from the friendly governments inScotland or Spain.12After that, his options were probably rather limited.

As the siege of Orléans continued through the winter months, Joan of Arcmade her second journey to Vaucouleurs in January, leaving Domrémy for thelast time. She would later say, 'Since God had commanded it, itwas necessary that I do it. Since God commanded it, even if I had a hundred fathers and mothers, even if I had been a King's daughter, I would have gone nevertheless.'13
She told her parents that she was going to help the wife of Durand Lassois,14and it was he who came to pick her up again.
Gerard Guillemette later said: '...I saw Joan passing before her father'shouse with a certain uncle of hers, named Durand Laxart, and at that time Joannie [Jhenette] said to her father: 'Adieu! I am going to Vaucouleurs.'15
She apparently said little to the people in her village outside of herown family. Mengette later testified that '... she saidto me 'Adieu', and then left, commending me to God, and went to Vaucouleurs.'16
Jean Waterin: 'I saw her leaving the village of Greux [on the route between Domrémy and Vaucouleurs], and she said to the people 'Adieu!'. And I heard it said many timesthat she was going to restore France and the Royal Family.'17
There was no goodbye for little Hauviette, who was 'three or four years' younger and therefore apparently no more than 12 or 13 atthe time;18 despite the age difference, it has sometimes been assumed thatHauviette was Joan's closest childhood friend. Much later during the Rehabilitation Trial, a middle-aged Hauviette would remember: 'I did not know when Joan left, for which I wept a great deal; because I was so fond of her for her goodness [or 'kindness'], and I was her friend.'19

Margin Note 3:
Predictably, some pop authors have taken one of thefictional characters cited as an alleged source ('Merlyn') and spun a revisionist tale out of it. Click here for an examination of this subject.
Joan traveled to Burey-le-Petit with her uncle and convinced him to bring her to Vaucouleurs once again,where she stayed with a family friend, Henri le Royer.The latter's wife, Catherine, remembered: 'When Joan had determined toleave, she stayed in my house for three weeks, at intervals; and during that time she asked my lord Robert de Baudricourt to bring her tothe place where the Dauphin was, which my lord Robert refused todo... and when Joan saw that Robert wasnot willing to escort her, I heard her say that it was necessary forher to go to where the Dauphin was, saying, 'Have you not heardthat it has been prophesied that France will be ruined by a woman andrestored by a virgin from the borders of Lorraine?' I remembered havingheard that, and I was stunned.'20 This refers to one of a group of prophecies which appear in several chronicles and other sources around this time (the records of the monastery at Mont-Saint-Michel, for example, contain one set of similar predictions). Such prophecies, written out in Latin and often containing numerals which correspond to the dates of Joan of Arc's battlefield victories, were variously attributed to a wide range of sources, from Eugelide of Hungary and Saint Bede (a 9th century monk and chronicler), to fictional or legendary figures such as 'Merlyn', to Judeo-Christian oracles, or several of these at once.mn3 Joan said that she didn't place any faith in the oneattributed to 'Merlyn' (which deals with a virgin from an 'oakforest'),21 but she sometimes cited the one mentioned farther above. As the witnesses mentioned, she was stillfrustrated in her attempts to persuade the local garrison commander to take her seriously. While Robert de Baudricourt was ignoring her, however, she attracted theattention of a more distant lord: a message arrived at Vaucouleursrequiring her to travel to the city of Nancy in the Duchy of Lorraine (at that time a part of the Holy Roman Empire just across the border)to meet with the ailing Duke Charles II of Lorraine, who had heard thata visionary had appeared whom he hoped might be able tocure him. This pro-English duke was an aging soldier who had takenpart in crusades against the Turks and numerous other wars; he wasnow 64 and in bad shape. As Joan would later testify: '... the Duke ofLorraine ordered that I should be taken to him; I went, and told him thatI wanted to go to France. The Duke questioned me about the recoveryof his health, but I said that I knew nothing aboutthat, and I spoke little about my journey. I nevertheless said to the Dukethat he should send his son and some men to take me into France,and that I would pray to God for his health.'22
This was echoed by Durand Lassois, '... I took her to [the town of] Saint-Nicolas; and when she got there she went with a safe-conductto my lord Charles, Duke of Lorraine, and when the Dukesaw her, he spoke with her and gave her four francs, which she showedme.'23
Margin Note 4:
We know from other sources that the Duke was having an affair with Alison Dumay, a commoner.

Margin Note 5:
It has been pointed out that this bit of testimony from Jean de Metz contains a quote from the saint which sounds very much like her distinctive manner of speech, and is evidently the result of a good memory on de Metz' part.

Margin Note 6:
The comment about 'the King of Scotland's daughter' refers to a proposed marriage between the Dauphin Charles' son Louis and Margaret of Scotland, daughter of James I. This would be designed to cement the military alliance between the two kingdoms.

Margin Note 7:
It has been suggested that this may refer to the traditional gesture of fealty (i.e., placing the hand in between the hands of one's lord).
Marguerite La Touroulde remembered: 'I heard Joan say that theDuke of Lorraine, who was ill, wanted to see her; and Joan had beento speak with him, and told him that he was behaving sinfully;mn4 and that he would never recover his health if he did not reform himself, andshe exhorted him to take back his good wife.'24
A vivid account of her activities at this time comes from the testimony ofJean de Metz, one of Baudricourt's soldiers who would later serve among themen in her escort

Note 2 Colors

mn5: 'When Joan the Maiden arrived at Vaucouleurs in the diocese of Toul, I saw her clothed in a poor dress, red in color; she was staying in the house of a certain Henri le Royer of Vaucouleurs. I said to her: 'My friend, what are you doing here? Will not the King be expelled from the kingdom and we become English?'. The Maiden answered me: 'I have come to this Royal town to speak to Robert de Baudricourt, so that he might wish to bring me, or have me brought, to the King;but he pays no attention to me or my words. Nevertheless, before mid-Lent I must be before the King even if I must wear down my feet to the knees. For truly no one in the world, neither kings, nor dukes, nor the King of Scotland's daughtermn6 nor anyone else can regain the Kingdom of France; there is no aid except myself, although I would prefer to spin wool beside my poor mother, because this [i.e.leading an army] is not of my social rank; but it is necessary that I go and do this, for my Lord wishes that I do it.' And when I asked her who her lord was, she said that it was God. And then I promised the Maiden, giving her my faith by touching her hand,mn7 that with God as guide I would lead her before the King. I asked her when she wanted to leave, to which she replied: 'Rather now than tomorrow, and tomorrow rather than later'. And I asked her if she wanted to go with her own clothes [note: it was dangerous for women to travel through disputed territory without a disguise, hence the question]; she replied that she would be willingto have male clothing [note: This was standard practice, and if itwas being done out of necessity the medieval Church granted an exemption]. I provided her with clothing and boots belonging to one of my servants; and when this was done, the inhabitants of Vaucouleurs had male clothing, boots, greaves, and other necessary items made for her; and they gave her a horse which cost sixteen francs, or around that. When she was dressed and had a horse, with a safe-conduct from my lord Charles, Duke of Lorraine, she went tothe place of my lord the Duke; I went with her as far as the city of Toul...'25

She arrived back at Vaucouleurs on or before February 12th and went before Robert de Baudricourt for the last time: 'Robert twice refused to listen to me, and rejected me; thethird time he listened to me and gave me an escort. The Voice toldme that it would be so.'26
According to the 15th century document known today as 'Journal du Siège d'Orléans' and other sources, Joan of Arc finally convinced Baudricourt by telling him about the disaster at the Battle of Rouvray (12 February1429) before word of the battle was brought to Vaucouleurs.27

Margin Note 8:
A portion of the cargo of herrings was sacrificed to French cannon-fire during the early stages of the battle, and gathered up by local farmers afterwards. The English had few other losses.

Margin Note 9:
For Catholics, flesh meat is forbidden during Lent (a period of fasting during the weeks preceding Easter), hence the fish being delivered to the English troops.
The Battle of Rouvray (nicknamed 'The Battle of the Herrings'mn8) was a fight over a convoy of some 300 supply wagons carrying salted herrings and 'other Lenten food',28

Margin Note 2 Price

this being the pre-Easterperiod of meatless fasting.mn9The herrings were bound for Talbot's troopsat Orléans, prompting the Armagnacs to gather a force to choke off the English supply lines. The outcome was typical of the Royal army'sfortunes during this time, and the usual commanders were involved: Dunois,La Hire, Poton de Saintrailles, et al, plus Sir John Stewart of Scotland, the Count of Clermont, and a number of other lordsin two armies totaling up to 5,500 troops.
The convoy's escort consisted of some 600 English soldiers and 1,000 Parisians commanded by Sir John Fastolf. On February 12th the convoy's leaders learned from local English garrisons that two hostile forces were closing in on their position. Fastolf ordered his men to group their wagons into a square with two openings guarded by archers supported by armored men-at-arms. The Armagnacs achieved some limited success against this makeshift fortress by using their field artillery (apparently small veuglaires) to rupture some of the wagons, spilling salted fish all over the place. Their ground assault,however, met with disaster. La Hire and many of the other commanders had initially hoped to attack before the English completed their defenses, but Clermont sent repeated orders to wait until the rest of his troops were brought into position. In the end they did neither: while the remainder of the troops continued to plod toward the battlefield and theEnglish made use of the delay to complete their preparations, the Scottish contingentfinally launched an assault on its own initiative and thereby induced the available portion of the Frenchtroops to follow suit. By that point they were faced with a solid barricade of wagons from which poured a dense hail of arrows. The attacking forces were decimated. Dunois and Clermont were wounded, and Stewart was killed along with many of his Scots as they tried to fight their way through one of the openings. In a now-familiar pattern, the Armagnacs lost 120 nobles and some 500 commonsoldiers, whereas English losses totaled a mere four. The salted herrings arrived safely within Talbot's lines.29

The battle was another hopeless defeat in a long string of such defeats,at a time when the Dauphin was running low on money, the Royal armywas running low on morale, and the city of Orléans was beginning to run out of time. Perhaps, as the 'Journal' claimed, it was aprophecy of this battle which convinced Baudricourt to take Joan of Arc seriously, coupled perhaps with a growing sense that things were getting desperate. In any event, he finally authorized her to beescorted to the Dauphin's court at Chinon and sent along a letter withhis recommendation.
To quote the witnesses:

Margin Note 10:
Quadragesima Sunday / Dimanche des Bures: the first Sunday in Lent, 13 February 1429.
Jean de Metz: '...when she returned to Vaucouleurs around Quadragesima Sundaymn10 - it will be twenty-seven years ago next Quadragesima Sunday,I believe - myself and Bertrand de Poulengy, with our two servants, plus Colet de Vienne the Royal messenger, and a certain Richard l'Archier, we brought the Maiden before the Kingat Chinon, at the expense of Poulengy and myself.'30

Bertrand de Poulengy: '... I and Jean de Metz, with thehelp of the other people of Vaucouleurs, arranged that she give up her female clothes, which were red in color, and we had them make forher a tunic and male clothing, spurs, greaves, a sword, and the like,and also a horse; and then I, with Joan and my servant Julian,Jean de Metz' servant Jean de Honecourt, Colet de Vienne and Richardl'Archier, took to the road to go before the Dauphin.'31
Henri le Royer: 'When she had determined to leave, she was asked how she would manage, with all the soldiers everywhere. She answered that she was not afraid of the soldiers, for her way was unobstructed; because, if there were soldiers along the route, she had God, her Lord, who would clear a way for her to the lord Dauphin, and that she had been born to do this.'32
And finally, Joan herself: 'Robert de Baudricourt required those who escorted me to swear an oath to conduct me well and safely, and Robert said to me as I left:'Go, and let come what may.' 33

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